今年以來2025年1月9日是為了紀念美國卡特總統過世，因此特別美股休市一天。
2025年1月20日（一），美股再度因為紀念馬丁路德，以馬丁路德紀念日（Martin Luther King Jr. Day）休市一天，民權運動領袖馬丁·路德·金博士（Martin Luther King Jr.）倡導非暴力抗爭和推動平等權利著稱，對美國民權運動產生了深遠的影響。
馬丁·路德·金於1968年4月4日在田納西州孟菲斯市(Memphis, Tennessee)遭到暗殺，震驚全國，1983年，美國國會通過了立法，由時任總統羅納德·雷根（Ronald Reagan）簽署，將每年1月的第三個星期一定為馬丁路德紀念日，1986年，這一天首次作為聯邦假日正式慶祝。
雖然法案於1983年通過，但部分州起初對此假日持保留態度，直到2000年，全美50個州才統一承認這一假日，這一天也被視為一個「志願服務日」（Day of Service），人們通過參加社區活動、慈善活動等方式來紀念馬丁·路德·金的精神。
因為Martin Luther這個英文名稱與德文的馬丁路德宗教改革家一樣，所以通常用Martin Luther King來代表馬丁路德博士。
在美國華盛頓特區（Washington, D.C.）在白宮附近有一座他的紀念公園。
馬丁·路德·金博士（Martin Luther King Jr.）出生於1929年1月15日，但被暗殺時僅有39歲，他的名字Martin Luther 也是因為父親為了紀念宗教改革領袖而改，原名麥可·金恩（Michael King），1955年他也僅有26歲左右，就領導聯合抵制蒙哥馬利巴士運動（Montgomery Bus Boycott），這場運動反對美國種族隔離政策，因為一位黑人不想讓為給白人乘客而開始。
1963年，金恩發起「向華盛頓進軍」行動，在林肯紀念堂前發表《我有一個夢》演講，成為美國歷史上最負名望的演說家，1964年10月14日，諾貝爾委員會因小馬丁·路德·金恩長期以非暴力方法追求種族平等理想而授予他諾貝爾和平獎。
I Have a Dream Speech
Delivered by Martin Luther King Jr., August 28, 1963
I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.
我很高興今天能夠與大家一起參與這場將被記錄在我們國家歷史上的最偉大自由示威行動。
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
一百年前，一位偉大的美國人，他的象徵之影仍覆蓋在我們頭頂，簽署了《解放奴隸宣言》。這一重大的公告如一光棍，帶給百萬被燒覆在不公之火炎中的黑人奴隸希望。它如同日出，結束了他們的長夜囚難。
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
然而，一百年後，黑人仍然不自由。一百年後，黑人的生活仍然悲哀地被隔離和歧視的鏈條所附。一百年後，黑人仍然住在貧窮的寂寞島島，四周則是物資秀富的大海。一百年後，黑人仍然居住在美國社會的角落，在自己的一片土地上成了居人。因此，我們今天來到這裏，體現這一驚人的情況。
In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
從某種意義上說，我們來到我們國家的首都是為了兌現支票。當我們共和國的締造者寫下憲法和獨立宣言的宏偉文字時，他們正在簽署一張每個美國人都將成為繼承人的期票。這張紙條承諾所有男人，是的，黑人和白人，都將獲得「生命、自由和追求幸福」的「不可剝奪的權利」。今天很明顯，就有色人種公民而言，美國已經拖欠了這張期票。美國沒有履行這項神聖的義務，而是給了黑人一張空頭支票，這張支票被退回，上面寫著「資金不足」。
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.
但我們拒絕相信正義銀行已經破產。我們拒絕相信這個國家巨大的機會寶庫中資金不足。因此，我們來兌現這張支票，這張支票將根據需要為我們提供自由的財富和正義的保障。
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
我們來到這個神聖的地方也是為了提醒美國現在的迫切性。現在不是奢侈地冷靜下來或服用漸進主義鎮定劑的時候。現在是兌現民主承諾的時候了。現在是從黑暗荒涼的種族隔離深谷走向種族正義陽光明媚之路的時候了。現在是讓我們的國家擺脫種族不平等的流沙，邁向兄弟情誼的堅固磐石的時候了。現在是為上帝所有孩子實現正義的時候了。
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
如果國家忽視當前的緊迫性，那將是致命的。黑人合法不滿的悶熱夏天不會過去，直到自由和平等的充滿活力的秋天來臨。1963年不是結束，而是開始。如果國家恢復一切如常，那些希望黑人需要發洩一下而感到滿足的人將會猛然醒悟。在黑人獲得公民權之前，美國不會有安寧，也不會安寧。反抗的旋風將繼續動搖我們國家的根基，直到正義的光明日子出現。
But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
但有一句話我必須對站在正義殿堂溫暖門檻上的人民說：在爭取我們應有地位的過程中，我們絕不能犯下錯誤的行為。讓我們不要透過喝苦澀和仇恨之杯來滿足我們對自由的渴望。我們必須永遠在尊嚴和紀律的高度上進行鬥爭。我們絕不能讓我們的創意抗議退化為身體暴力。我們必須一次又一次地達到身體力量與靈魂力量相遇的崇高高度。
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.
席捲黑人社區的奇妙的新戰鬥精神絕不能導致我們對所有白人產生不信任，因為我們的許多白人兄弟，正如他們今天在這裡的存在所證明的那樣，已經認識到他們的命運與我們的命運息息相關。他們已經認識到他們的自由與我們的自由密不可分。
We cannot walk alone. 我們不能獨行。
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.
當我們走路時，我們必須發誓我們將永遠前進。
We cannot turn back. 我們無法回頭。
There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. **We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only."** We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."1
有人問民權人士：“你們什麼時候才能滿意？”只要黑人仍然是警察暴行的難以形容的恐怖的受害者，我們就永遠不會滿足。只要我們的身體因旅行的疲勞而無法在高速公路上的汽車旅館和城市的旅館裡住宿，我們就永遠不會滿足。 只要黑人的基本流動性是從較小的貧民窟到較大的貧民窟，我們就不能滿足。只要我們的孩子被「僅限白人」的標語剝奪了自我和尊嚴，我們就永遠不會滿意。 只要密西西比州的黑人不能投票，黑人不能投票，我們就永遠不會滿意。沒有什麼好投票的。不，不，我們不滿足，直到“正義如水滾滾，公義如滔滔江水”，我們才會滿足。
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
我並沒有忘記你們中的一些人是經歷了巨大的考驗和磨難才來到這裡的。你們中的一些人剛從狹窄的牢房裡出來。你們中的一些人來自那些因追求自由而遭受迫害風暴襲擊並被警察暴行之風搖搖欲墜的地區。你們都是創造性苦難的老兵。繼續堅信不勞而獲的苦難是可以救贖的信念。回到密西西比州，回到阿拉巴馬州，回到南卡羅來納州，回到喬治亞州，回到路易斯安那州，回到我們北方城市的貧民窟和貧民窟，因為知道這種情況可以而且將會改變。
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.
我今天對你們說，我的朋友們，讓我們不要陷入絕望的深淵。
And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
因此，即使我們面臨今天和明天的困難，我仍然有一個夢想。這是一個深植於美國夢的夢。
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
我有一個夢想，有一天這個國家會崛起並實現其信條的真正含義：“我們認為這些真理是不言而喻的，人人生而平等。”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
我有一個夢想，有一天在喬治亞州的紅色山丘上，前奴隸的兒子和前奴隸主的兒子將能夠坐在兄弟情誼的餐桌旁。
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
我有一個夢想，有一天，即使是密西西比州，一個充滿不公義和壓迫的熱浪的州，也會變成自由和正義的綠洲。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
我有一個夢想，希望我的四個孩子有一天能夠生活在一個國家，人們不再根據膚色而是根據他們的性格來評判他們。
I have a dream today!
我今天有一個夢想！
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
我有一個夢想，有一天，在阿拉巴馬州，那裡有惡毒的種族主義者，州長的嘴唇上滴著「幹預」和「廢除」的字眼——有一天，就在阿拉巴馬州，黑人小男孩和黑人女孩們將能夠與白人小男孩和白人女孩作為兄弟姐妹攜手並進。
I have a dream today!
我今天有一個夢想！
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."2
我夢想有一天，一切山谷都將被抬高，一切丘陵將被夷為平地，崎嶇的地方將變得平坦，彎曲的地方將變得筆直； “主的榮耀必顯現，凡有血氣的，必一同看見。” 2
This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.
這是我們的希望，也是我回到南方的信念。
With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
有了這個信念，我們就能從絕望之山中鑿出一塊希望之石。有了這樣的信念，我們就能把我們國家的刺耳不和諧變成一首優美的兄弟情誼交響曲。有了這個信念，我們將能夠一起工作，一起祈禱，一起奮鬥，一起入獄，一起為自由挺身而出，因為我們知道有一天我們會獲得自由。
And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:
這將是一天——這將是上帝所有的孩子都能夠以新的意義歌唱的一天：
My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride, From every mountainside, let freedom ring!
我的國家是你的，甜蜜的自由之地，我為你歌唱。我祖先死去的土地，朝聖者驕傲的土地， 從每一個山腰，讓自由之聲響起！
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
如果美國要成為一個偉大的國家，這一點就必須成為現實。
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
因此，讓自由之聲從新罕布夏州的巍峨山頂響起。
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
讓自由之聲從紐約的崇山峻嶺中響起。
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
讓自由之聲從賓州阿勒格尼山脈的高聳處響起。
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
讓自由之聲從白雪皚皚的科羅拉多州洛磯山脈響起。
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.
讓自由之聲從加州優美的山坡上響起。
But not only that: 但不僅如此：
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
讓自由之聲從喬治亞州的石山響起。
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
讓自由之聲從田納西州盧考特山響起。
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.
讓自由之聲響徹密西西比州的每一座山丘。
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
讓自由之聲從每個山坡響起。
And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:
當這種情況發生時，當我們允許自由之聲響起時，當我們讓它從每個村莊、每個小村莊、每個州和每個城市響起時，我們將能夠加速這一天的到來，那時上帝所有的孩子，黑人和白人人們，猶太人和外邦人，新教徒和天主教徒，將能夠攜起手來，用古老的黑人靈歌的歌詞來歌唱：
Free at last! Free at last!
終於自由了！終於自由了！
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
感謝全能的上帝，我們終於自由了！
-馬丁路德紀念日的由來，美股休市日){kind=link}
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